Scientific Computing
This article introduces the scientific computing software, including Scilab, SciPy and etc.
Overview
According to Scientific Computing:
Scientific computing is the science of solving problems with computers. The problems themselves usually arise from other disciplines such as mathematics, engineering, biology, physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. As a consequence, scientific computing is interdisciplinary by nature. The dividing line between scientific computing and the sciences from which its problems originate is best described by what scientific computing is not – and what it is.
- Computing PI to 22.4 trillion digits is not scientific computing. Developing algorithms to efficiently compute PI to any precision is scientific computing.
- Running a Molecular dynamics simulation with 1,000,000 atoms for 100 nanoseconds is not scientific computing. Developing models and algorithms to efficiently simulate large particle systems is scientific computing.
- Computing the eigenvalues of a 1,000 x 1,000 dense, complex matrix is not scientific computing. Developing efficient and accurate methods to determine the eigevalues of any large, dense, complex matrix is scientific computing.
- Running an all-against-all sequence alignment of every genome known is not scientific computing. Developing realistic and efficient models for sequence evolution is scientific computing.
The line between scientific computing and the sciences from which its problems are derived is drawn between interest in the methods used to solve problems and the solution of the problems themselves. In other words, all scientists use computers, but very few do scientific computation.
MATLAB
Millions of engineers and scientists worldwide use MATLAB to analyze and design the systems and products transforming our world. The matrix-based MATLAB language is the world’s most natural way to express computational mathematics. Built-in graphics make it easy to visualize and gain insights from data. The desktop environment invites experimentation, exploration, and discovery. These MATLAB tools and capabilities are all rigorously tested and designed to work together.
MATLAB helps you take your ideas beyond the desktop. You can run your analyses on larger data sets, and scale up to clusters and clouds. MATLAB code can be integrated with other languages, enabling you to deploy algorithms and applications within web, enterprise, and production systems.
Scilab
Scilab is a free and open source software for engineers & scientists, with a long history (first release in 1994) and a growing community (100 000 downloads every months worldwide).
- Scilab Tutorials
- From Matlab to Scilab
- An Introduction to Scilab from a Matlab User’s Point of View
- Comparison of SCILAB Syntax and Functions to MATLAB
Install Scilab
Install Scilab via Linux package manager:
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ sudo apt install scilab
[sudo] password for chenwx:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
python-pkg-resources
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
ant ant-optional antlr bwidget fop java-wrappers javahelp2 junit libactivation-java libaec0 libantlr-java
libaopalliance-java libapache-pom-java libargs4j-java libarpack2 libatinject-jsr330-api-java
libavalon-framework-java libbatik-java libbsf-java libcdi-api-java libcodemodel-java libcommons-cli-java
libcommons-codec-java libcommons-compress-java libcommons-io-java libcommons-lang3-java libcommons-logging-java
libcommons-parent-java libdom4j-java libdtd-parser-java libecj-java libfastinfoset-java libflexdock-java
libfontbox-java libfop-java libfreehep-export-java libfreehep-graphics2d-java libfreehep-graphicsio-emf-java
libfreehep-graphicsio-java libfreehep-graphicsio-tests-java libfreehep-io-java libfreehep-swing-java
libfreehep-util-java libgeronimo-annotation-1.3-spec-java libgeronimo-interceptor-3.0-spec-java libgluegen2-jni
libgluegen2-rt-java libguava-java libguice-java libhdf5-100 libhttpclient-java libhttpcore-java
libistack-commons-java libjas-plotter-java libjaxb-api-java libjaxb-java libjaxen-java libjaxp1.3-java
libjdom1-java libjeuclid-core-java libjgoodies-common-java libjgoodies-looks-java libjgraphx-java
libjlatexmath-fop-java libjlatexmath-java libjogl2-java libjogl2-jni libjrosetta-java libjsoup-java libjsr305-java
liblaf-plugin-java liblucene4.10-java libmatio4 libmaven-file-management-java libmaven-parent-java
libmaven-resolver-java libmaven-shared-io-java libmaven-shared-utils-java libmaven3-core-java
libnb-org-openide-util-java libnb-org-openide-util-lookup-java libplexus-archiver-java libplexus-cipher-java
libplexus-classworlds-java libplexus-component-annotations-java libplexus-interpolation-java libplexus-io-java
libplexus-sec-dispatcher-java libplexus-utils-java libplexus-utils2-java libregexp-java librelaxng-datatype-java
librngom-java libsaxon-java libsisu-guice-java libsisu-inject-java libsisu-ioc-java libsisu-plexus-java
libskinlf-java libslf4j-java libsnappy-java libsnappy-jni libstax-ex-java libstreambuffer-java libsz2
libtablelayout-java libtxw2-java libwagon-http-java libwagon-provider-api-java libxalan2-java libxerces2-java
libxml-commons-external-java libxml-commons-resolver1.1-java libxmlgraphics-commons-java libxsom-java libxz-java
scilab-cli scilab-data scilab-full-bin scilab-include scilab-minimal-bin tcl tcl8.6 tk tk8.6
Suggested packages:
ant-doc default-jdk | java-compiler | java-sdk javacc junit4 jython libbcel-java libcommons-net-java libmail-java
libjdepend-java libjsch-java liblog4j1.2-java liboro-java fop-doc javahelp2-doc junit-doc libaopalliance-java-doc
libatinject-jsr330-api-java-doc libavalon-framework-java-doc librhino-java bsh rhino libcommons-io-java-doc
libcommons-lang3-java-doc libcommons-logging-java-doc libexcalibur-logkit-java libdom4j-java-doc libmsv-java
libxpp2-java libxpp3-java libdtd-parser-java-doc ecj libflexdock-java-doc libflexdock-java-demo libgluegen2-doc
libasm-java libcglib-java libxom-java libjdom1-java-doc libjgoodies-common-java-doc libjlatexmath-java-doc
libjogl2-java-doc libjsoup-java-doc libjsr305-java-doc liblaf-plugin-java-doc libmaven-file-management-java-doc
libmaven-shared-io-java-doc libmaven-shared-utils-java-doc liblogback-java libplexus-cipher-java-doc
libplexus-classworlds-java-doc libplexus-interpolation-java-doc libplexus-sec-dispatcher-java-doc
libplexus-utils-java-doc libplexus-utils2-java-doc libsaxon-java-doc testng libosgi-compendium-java
libosgi-core-java libskinlf-java-demo libxalan2-java-doc libxsltc-java libxerces2-java-doc
libxml-commons-resolver1.1-java-doc libxmlgraphics-commons-java-doc scilab-doc-fr scilab-doc-pt-br scilab-doc-ja
gfortran scilab-swt scilab-scimax scilab-plotlib scilab-ann tcl-tclreadline
Recommended packages:
icc-profiles-free libjansi-java libasm-java libcglib-java scilab-doc scilab-sivp
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ant ant-optional antlr bwidget fop java-wrappers javahelp2 junit libactivation-java libaec0 libantlr-java
libaopalliance-java libapache-pom-java libargs4j-java libarpack2 libatinject-jsr330-api-java
libavalon-framework-java libbatik-java libbsf-java libcdi-api-java libcodemodel-java libcommons-cli-java
libcommons-codec-java libcommons-compress-java libcommons-io-java libcommons-lang3-java libcommons-logging-java
libcommons-parent-java libdom4j-java libdtd-parser-java libecj-java libfastinfoset-java libflexdock-java
libfontbox-java libfop-java libfreehep-export-java libfreehep-graphics2d-java libfreehep-graphicsio-emf-java
libfreehep-graphicsio-java libfreehep-graphicsio-tests-java libfreehep-io-java libfreehep-swing-java
libfreehep-util-java libgeronimo-annotation-1.3-spec-java libgeronimo-interceptor-3.0-spec-java libgluegen2-jni
libgluegen2-rt-java libguava-java libguice-java libhdf5-100 libhttpclient-java libhttpcore-java
libistack-commons-java libjas-plotter-java libjaxb-api-java libjaxb-java libjaxen-java libjaxp1.3-java
libjdom1-java libjeuclid-core-java libjgoodies-common-java libjgoodies-looks-java libjgraphx-java
libjlatexmath-fop-java libjlatexmath-java libjogl2-java libjogl2-jni libjrosetta-java libjsoup-java libjsr305-java
liblaf-plugin-java liblucene4.10-java libmatio4 libmaven-file-management-java libmaven-parent-java
libmaven-resolver-java libmaven-shared-io-java libmaven-shared-utils-java libmaven3-core-java
libnb-org-openide-util-java libnb-org-openide-util-lookup-java libplexus-archiver-java libplexus-cipher-java
libplexus-classworlds-java libplexus-component-annotations-java libplexus-interpolation-java libplexus-io-java
libplexus-sec-dispatcher-java libplexus-utils-java libplexus-utils2-java libregexp-java librelaxng-datatype-java
librngom-java libsaxon-java libsisu-guice-java libsisu-inject-java libsisu-ioc-java libsisu-plexus-java
libskinlf-java libslf4j-java libsnappy-java libsnappy-jni libstax-ex-java libstreambuffer-java libsz2
libtablelayout-java libtxw2-java libwagon-http-java libwagon-provider-api-java libxalan2-java libxerces2-java
libxml-commons-external-java libxml-commons-resolver1.1-java libxmlgraphics-commons-java libxsom-java libxz-java
scilab scilab-cli scilab-data scilab-full-bin scilab-include scilab-minimal-bin tcl tcl8.6 tk tk8.6
0 upgraded, 126 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Get:124 http://mirror.nforce.com/pub/linux/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 liblucene4.10-java all 4.10.4+dfsg-3 [21.1 MB]
Get:125 http://mirror.nforce.com/pub/linux/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 scilab-full-bin amd64 6.0.1-7ubuntu1~18.04 [1983 kB]
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Scilab Commands
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ scilab -h
Usage:
scilab <arguments>
scilab-cli <arguments>
scilab-adv-cli <arguments>
Possible arguments are:
-display Display: for use under Xwindow systems to set a specific X server display.
-d Display : equivalent to -display Display.
-e Instruction : execute the scilab instruction given in Instruction argument.
-e and -f arguments are mutually exclusive.
-f File : execute the scilab script given in File argument.
-e and -f arguments are mutually exclusive.
-quit : force scilab exit after execution of script from -e or -f argument.
this flag is ignored if it is not used with -e or -f argument.
-l Lang : set the current language. Lang can be equal to fr or en.
-nb : do not display Scilab loading on start.
-ns : do not execute scilab.start startup file. This argument will disable many features in Scilab (Only use if you know what you are doing).
-nouserstartup : do not execute the user startup files SCIHOME/.scilab or SCIHOME/scilab.ini.
-noatomsautoload: do not load ATOMS installed module.
-nw : start Scilab without dedicated Scilab Window.
-nwni : start Scilab without the GUI, graphic and help features (batch mode). This argument disables the need of Java.
-nogui : See -nwni
-nocolor : Remove the color in the cli and adv-cli modes
-args : accept all extra arguments and make them available through sciargs
-version : print product version and exit.
-h/--help : display help about this command.
--texmacs : reserved for TeXMacs.
-scihome dir : Force SCIHOME to given dir.
Developer arguments:
-debug : Start Scilab under gdb (Unix/linux only).
define the variable SCILAB_GDB_OPT to add custom arguments to gdb.
-debug-kdbg : Start Scilab under kdbg (Unix/linux only).
-profiling : Start Scilab under valgrind (Unix/linux only).
define the variable SCILAB_VALGRIND_OPT to add custom arguments to
valgrind (and override the existing valgrind arguments).
-profiling-visu : Start Scilab under callgrind (Unix/linux only).
define the variable SCILAB_VALGRIND_OPT to add custom arguments to
callgrind (and override the existing callgrind arguments).
-disable-exception-catching : Disable Scilab exception catching system.
--parse-file File : Only parse File argument without execution and exit.
--parse-trace : Display bison state machine evolution.
--AST-trace : Display ASCII-art AST to be human readable.
--pretty-print : Display pretty-printed code, standard Scilab syntax.
Developer Timer arguments:
--AST-timed : Time each AST node.
--timed : Time global execution.
Developer Debug arguments:
--no-exec : Only do Lexing/parsing do not execute instructions.
--context-dump : Display context status.
--exec-verbose : Display command before execute it.
--timeout delay : Kill the Scilab process after a delay (s, m, h, d).
All these arguments can be retrieved by the Scilab function sciargs.
Several environment variables can be declared:
SCIVERBOSE Provides debugging information of the startup
JAVA_HOME Declares which Java Virtual Machine to use
SCI_DISABLE_TK Disables Tk (but not Tcl) features
SCI_JAVA_ENABLE_HEADLESS Runs Java Headless VM (without GUI; Windows and Linux only)
SCI_DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING Disable the catch by Scilab of exception (segfault, ...)
SciPy
SciPy is a free and open-source Python library used for scientific computing and technical computing.
SciPy contains modules for optimization, linear algebra, integration, interpolation, special functions, FFT, signal and image processing, ODE solvers and other tasks common in science and engineering.
SciPy builds on the NumPy array object and is part of the NumPy stack which includes tools like Matplotlib, pandas and SymPy, and an expanding set of scientific computing libraries. This NumPy stack has similar users to other applications such as MATLAB, GNU Octave, and Scilab. The NumPy stack is also sometimes referred to as the SciPy stack.
SciPy is also a family of conferences for users and developers of these tools: SciPy (in the United States), EuroSciPy (in Europe) and SciPy.in (in India). Enthought originated the SciPy conference in the United States and continues to sponsor many of the international conferences as well as host the SciPy website.
SciPy library is currently distributed under the BSD license, and its development is sponsored and supported by an open community of developers. It is also supported by NumFOCUS, a community foundation for supporting reproducible and accessible science.
- SciPy Home Page
- Scipy Documentation
- Numpy and Scipy Documentation
- SciPy Cookbook
- Scipy library main repository
- Code of Conduct
Note that Python 3 is recommended for scientific computing because Python 2.7 is end of life, and will not be maintained past January 1, 2020.
Install SciPy via pip
Refer to Install pip to know how to install pip.
Install package setuptools in Python 3.x, which is used when installing SciPy packages later:
# pip3 install setuptools
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3 -m pip install setuptools
Collecting setuptools
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/51/f45cea425fd5cb0b0380f5b0f048ebc1da5b417e48d304838c02d6288a1e/setuptools-41.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: setuptools
Successfully installed setuptools-41.0.1
Install package wheel in Python 3.x, which is used when installing SciPy packages later:
# pip3 install wheel
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3 -m pip install wheel
Collecting wheel
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bb/10/44230dd6bf3563b8f227dbf344c908d412ad2ff48066476672f3a72e174e/wheel-0.33.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: wheel
Successfully installed wheel-0.33.4
Install package python3-tk in Python 3.x:
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ sudo apt-get install python3-tk
[sudo] password for chenwx:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
python-pkg-resources
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following additional packages will be installed:
blt libtcl8.6 libtk8.6 tk8.6-blt2.5
Suggested packages:
blt-demo tcl8.6 tk8.6 tix python3-tk-dbg
The following NEW packages will be installed:
blt libtcl8.6 libtk8.6 python3-tk tk8.6-blt2.5
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Install the header files and static libraries python3-dev for Python3:
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ sudo apt install python3-dev
[sudo] password for chenwx:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
dh-python libpython3-dev libpython3.6-dev python3.6-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dh-python libpython3-dev libpython3.6-dev python3-dev python3.6-dev
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Install module vtk and mayavi for 3D plotting:
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
# pip3 install vtk
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3 -m pip install vtk
Collecting vtk
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/f5/30e11e1ad21701e1cd185b046979107930419a74a5602c6b899dc8523fe4/vtk-8.1.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Installing collected packages: vtk
Successfully installed vtk-8.1.2
# pip3 install mayavi
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3 -m pip install mayavi
Collecting mayavi
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/83/9e/293ba57353ed258c2f64d54bf00ca1447c1f38f4eb60d0e762ddec57bf51/mayavi-4.6.2.tar.bz2
Collecting apptools (from mayavi)
Collecting envisage (from mayavi)
Collecting numpy (from mayavi)
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Collecting pyface>=6.0.0 (from mayavi)
Collecting pygments (from mayavi)
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Collecting traits>=4.6.0 (from mayavi)
Collecting traitsui>=6.0.0 (from mayavi)
Collecting vtk (from mayavi)
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Collecting configobj (from apptools->mayavi)
Collecting six (from traits>=4.6.0->mayavi)
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Building wheels for collected packages: mayavi
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mayavi ... done
Stored in directory: /home/chenwx/.cache/pip/wheels/59/49/db/14986f88cce0c66019c64ed57d47536c510efa999e504f378e
Successfully built mayavi
Installing collected packages: six, traits, pyface, traitsui, configobj, apptools, envisage, numpy, pygments, vtk, mayavi
Successfully installed apptools-4.4.0 configobj-5.0.6 envisage-4.7.2 mayavi-4.6.2 numpy-1.16.3 pyface-6.1.0 pygments-2.4.0 six-1.12.0 traits-5.1.1 traitsui-6.1.0 vtk-8.1.2
Install wxPython in Python 3.x:
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ pip3 install -U -f https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04 wxPython
Collecting wxPython
Downloading https://extras.wxpython.org/wxPython4/extras/linux/gtk3/ubuntu-16.04/wxPython-4.0.4-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl (104.4MB)
100% |################################| 104.4MB 10kB/s
Collecting six (from wxPython)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Pillow (from wxPython)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/c2/f84b1e57416755e967236468dcfb0fad7fd911f707185efc4ba8834a1a94/Pillow-6.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Installing collected packages: six, Pillow, wxPython
Successfully installed Pillow-6.0.0 six-1.12.0 wxPython-4.0.4
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3 -m pip show wxPython
Name: wxPython
Version: 4.0.4
Summary: Cross platform GUI toolkit for Python, "Phoenix" version
Home-page: http://wxPython.org/
Author: Robin Dunn
Author-email: robin@alldunn.com
License: wxWindows Library License (https://opensource.org/licenses/wxwindows.php)
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: six, Pillow
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ pip3 show wxPython
Name: wxPython
Version: 4.0.4
Summary: Cross platform GUI toolkit for Python, "Phoenix" version
Home-page: http://wxPython.org/
Author: Robin Dunn
Author-email: robin@alldunn.com
License: wxWindows Library License (https://opensource.org/licenses/wxwindows.php)
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: Pillow, six
IPython is a powerful interactive shell, which can be installed via the following command.
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ sudo apt install ipython3
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
python3-decorator python3-ipython python3-ipython-genutils python3-pickleshare python3-prompt-toolkit
python3-pygments python3-simplegeneric python3-traitlets python3-wcwidth
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ipython3 python3-decorator python3-ipython python3-ipython-genutils python3-pickleshare python3-prompt-toolkit
python3-pygments python3-simplegeneric python3-traitlets python3-wcwidth
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1246 kB of archives.
After this operation, 6751 kB of additional disk space will be used.
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chenwx@chenwx:~ $ which ipython3
/usr/bin/ipython3
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ ipython3 --version
7.5.0
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ ipython3 -h
=========
IPython
=========
Tools for Interactive Computing in Python
=========================================
A Python shell with automatic history (input and output), dynamic object
introspection, easier configuration, command completion, access to the
system shell and more. IPython can also be embedded in running programs.
Usage
ipython [subcommand] [options] [-c cmd | -m mod | file] [--] [arg] ...
If invoked with no options, it executes the file and exits, passing the
remaining arguments to the script, just as if you had specified the same
command with python. You may need to specify `--` before args to be passed
to the script, to prevent IPython from attempting to parse them. If you
specify the option `-i` before the filename, it will enter an interactive
IPython session after running the script, rather than exiting. Files ending
in .py will be treated as normal Python, but files ending in .ipy can
contain special IPython syntax (magic commands, shell expansions, etc.).
Almost all configuration in IPython is available via the command-line. Do
`ipython --help-all` to see all available options. For persistent
configuration, look into your `ipython_config.py` configuration file for
details.
This file is typically installed in the `IPYTHONDIR` directory, and there
is a separate configuration directory for each profile. The default profile
directory will be located in $IPYTHONDIR/profile_default. IPYTHONDIR
defaults to to `$HOME/.ipython`. For Windows users, $HOME resolves to
C:\Users\YourUserName in most instances.
To initialize a profile with the default configuration file, do::
$> ipython profile create
and start editing `IPYTHONDIR/profile_default/ipython_config.py`
In IPython's documentation, we will refer to this directory as
`IPYTHONDIR`, you can change its default location by creating an
environment variable with this name and setting it to the desired path.
For more information, see the manual available in HTML and PDF in your
installation, or online at https://ipython.org/documentation.html.
Subcommands
-----------
Subcommands are launched as `ipython cmd [args]`. For information on using
subcommand 'cmd', do: `ipython cmd -h`.
profile
Create and manage IPython profiles.
kernel
Start a kernel without an attached frontend.
locate
print the path to the IPython dir
history
Manage the IPython history database.
qtconsole
DEPRECATED, Will be removed in IPython 6.0 : Launch the Jupyter Qt Console.
notebook
DEPRECATED, Will be removed in IPython 6.0 : Launch the Jupyter HTML Notebook Server.
console
DEPRECATED, Will be removed in IPython 6.0 : Launch the Jupyter terminal-based Console.
nbconvert
DEPRECATED, Will be removed in IPython 6.0 : Convert notebooks to/from other formats.
trust
DEPRECATED, Will be removed in IPython 6.0 : Sign notebooks to trust their potentially unsafe contents at load.
kernelspec
DEPRECATED, Will be removed in IPython 6.0 : Manage Jupyter kernel specifications.
install-nbextension
DEPRECATED, Will be removed in IPython 6.0 : Install Jupyter notebook extension files
Options
-------
Arguments that take values are actually convenience aliases to full
Configurables, whose aliases are listed on the help line. For more information
on full configurables, see '--help-all'.
--debug
set log level to logging.DEBUG (maximize logging output)
--quiet
set log level to logging.CRITICAL (minimize logging output)
--init
Initialize profile with default config files. This is equivalent
to running `ipython profile create <profile>` prior to startup.
--autoindent
Turn on autoindenting.
--no-autoindent
Turn off autoindenting.
--automagic
Turn on the auto calling of magic commands. Type %%magic at the
IPython prompt for more information.
--no-automagic
Turn off the auto calling of magic commands.
--pdb
Enable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.
--no-pdb
Disable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.
--pprint
Enable auto pretty printing of results.
--no-pprint
Disable auto pretty printing of results.
--color-info
IPython can display information about objects via a set of functions,
and optionally can use colors for this, syntax highlighting
source code and various other elements. This is on by default, but can cause
problems with some pagers. If you see such problems, you can disable the
colours.
--no-color-info
Disable using colors for info related things.
--nosep
Eliminate all spacing between prompts.
--pylab
Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use with
the default matplotlib backend.
--matplotlib
Configure matplotlib for interactive use with
the default matplotlib backend.
--autoedit-syntax
Turn on auto editing of files with syntax errors.
--no-autoedit-syntax
Turn off auto editing of files with syntax errors.
--simple-prompt
Force simple minimal prompt using `raw_input`
--no-simple-prompt
Use a rich interactive prompt with prompt_toolkit
--banner
Display a banner upon starting IPython.
--no-banner
Don't display a banner upon starting IPython.
--confirm-exit
Set to confirm when you try to exit IPython with an EOF (Control-D
in Unix, Control-Z/Enter in Windows). By typing 'exit' or 'quit',
you can force a direct exit without any confirmation.
--no-confirm-exit
Don't prompt the user when exiting.
--term-title
Enable auto setting the terminal title.
--no-term-title
Disable auto setting the terminal title.
--classic
Gives IPython a similar feel to the classic Python prompt.
--quick
Enable quick startup with no config files.
-i
If running code from the command line, become interactive afterwards.
It is often useful to follow this with `--` to treat remaining flags as
script arguments.
--profile-dir=<Unicode> (ProfileDir.location)
Default: ''
Set the profile location directly. This overrides the logic used by the
`profile` option.
--profile=<Unicode> (BaseIPythonApplication.profile)
Default: 'default'
The IPython profile to use.
--ipython-dir=<Unicode> (BaseIPythonApplication.ipython_dir)
Default: ''
The name of the IPython directory. This directory is used for logging
configuration (through profiles), history storage, etc. The default is
usually $HOME/.ipython. This option can also be specified through the
environment variable IPYTHONDIR.
--log-level=<Enum> (Application.log_level)
Default: 30
Choices: (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 'DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARN', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL')
Set the log level by value or name.
--config=<Unicode> (BaseIPythonApplication.extra_config_file)
Default: ''
Path to an extra config file to load.
If specified, load this config file in addition to any other IPython config.
--autocall=<Enum> (InteractiveShell.autocall)
Default: 0
Choices: (0, 1, 2)
Make IPython automatically call any callable object even if you didn't type
explicit parentheses. For example, 'str 43' becomes 'str(43)' automatically.
The value can be '0' to disable the feature, '1' for 'smart' autocall, where
it is not applied if there are no more arguments on the line, and '2' for
'full' autocall, where all callable objects are automatically called (even
if no arguments are present).
--colors=<CaselessStrEnum> (InteractiveShell.colors)
Default: 'Neutral'
Choices: ['Neutral', 'NoColor', 'LightBG', 'Linux']
Set the color scheme (NoColor, Neutral, Linux, or LightBG).
--logfile=<Unicode> (InteractiveShell.logfile)
Default: ''
The name of the logfile to use.
--logappend=<Unicode> (InteractiveShell.logappend)
Default: ''
Start logging to the given file in append mode. Use `logfile` to specify a
log file to **overwrite** logs to.
-c <Unicode> (InteractiveShellApp.code_to_run)
Default: ''
Execute the given command string.
-m <Unicode> (InteractiveShellApp.module_to_run)
Default: ''
Run the module as a script.
--ext=<Unicode> (InteractiveShellApp.extra_extension)
Default: ''
dotted module name of an IPython extension to load.
--gui=<CaselessStrEnum> (InteractiveShellApp.gui)
Default: None
Choices: ['glut', 'gtk', 'gtk2', 'gtk3', 'osx', 'pyglet', 'qt', 'qt4', 'qt5', 'tk', 'wx', 'gtk2', 'qt4']
Enable GUI event loop integration with any of ('glut', 'gtk', 'gtk2',
'gtk3', 'osx', 'pyglet', 'qt', 'qt4', 'qt5', 'tk', 'wx', 'gtk2', 'qt4').
--pylab=<CaselessStrEnum> (InteractiveShellApp.pylab)
Default: None
Choices: ['auto', 'agg', 'gtk', 'gtk3', 'inline', 'ipympl', 'nbagg', 'notebook', 'osx', 'pdf', 'ps', 'qt', 'qt4', 'qt5', 'svg', 'tk', 'widget', 'wx']
Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use, selecting a particular
matplotlib backend and loop integration.
--matplotlib=<CaselessStrEnum> (InteractiveShellApp.matplotlib)
Default: None
Choices: ['auto', 'agg', 'gtk', 'gtk3', 'inline', 'ipympl', 'nbagg', 'notebook', 'osx', 'pdf', 'ps', 'qt', 'qt4', 'qt5', 'svg', 'tk', 'widget', 'wx']
Configure matplotlib for interactive use with the default matplotlib
backend.
--cache-size=<Int> (InteractiveShell.cache_size)
Default: 1000
Set the size of the output cache. The default is 1000, you can change it
permanently in your config file. Setting it to 0 completely disables the
caching system, and the minimum value accepted is 3 (if you provide a value
less than 3, it is reset to 0 and a warning is issued). This limit is
defined because otherwise you'll spend more time re-flushing a too small
cache than working
To see all available configurables, use `--help-all`
Examples
--------
ipython --matplotlib # enable matplotlib integration
ipython --matplotlib=qt # enable matplotlib integration with qt4 backend
ipython --log-level=DEBUG # set logging to DEBUG
ipython --profile=foo # start with profile foo
ipython profile create foo # create profile foo w/ default config files
ipython help profile # show the help for the profile subcmd
ipython locate # print the path to the IPython directory
ipython locate profile foo # print the path to the directory for profile `foo`
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: print('Hello world')
Hello world
Now, it’s time to install SciPy via pip in Python 3.x, refer to Install SciPy Packages:
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3 -m pip install --user numpy scipy matplotlib ipython jupyter pandas sympy nose
...
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3 -m pip show numpy scipy matplotlib ipython jupyter pandas sympy nose
Name: numpy
Version: 1.16.3
Summary: NumPy is the fundamental package for array computing with Python.
Home-page: https://www.numpy.org
Author: Travis E. Oliphant et al.
Author-email: None
License: BSD
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires:
---
Name: scipy
Version: 1.3.0
Summary: SciPy: Scientific Library for Python
Home-page: https://www.scipy.org
Author: None
Author-email: None
License: BSD
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: numpy
---
Name: matplotlib
Version: 3.0.3
Summary: Python plotting package
Home-page: http://matplotlib.org
Author: John D. Hunter, Michael Droettboom
Author-email: matplotlib-users@python.org
License: PSF
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: python-dateutil, kiwisolver, cycler, pyparsing, numpy
---
Name: ipython
Version: 7.5.0
Summary: IPython: Productive Interactive Computing
Home-page: https://ipython.org
Author: The IPython Development Team
Author-email: ipython-dev@python.org
License: BSD
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: prompt-toolkit, traitlets, backcall, pygments, jedi, pickleshare, decorator, setuptools, pexpect
---
Name: jupyter
Version: 1.0.0
Summary: Jupyter metapackage. Install all the Jupyter components in one go.
Home-page: http://jupyter.org
Author: Jupyter Development Team
Author-email: jupyter@googlegroups.org
License: BSD
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: qtconsole, jupyter-console, ipywidgets, notebook, nbconvert, ipykernel
---
Name: pandas
Version: 0.24.2
Summary: Powerful data structures for data analysis, time series, and statistics
Home-page: http://pandas.pydata.org
Author: None
Author-email: None
License: BSD
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: numpy, python-dateutil, pytz
---
Name: sympy
Version: 1.4
Summary: Computer algebra system (CAS) in Python
Home-page: https://sympy.org
Author: SymPy development team
Author-email: sympy@googlegroups.com
License: BSD
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires: mpmath
---
Name: nose
Version: 1.3.7
Summary: nose extends unittest to make testing easier
Home-page: http://readthedocs.org/docs/nose/
Author: Jason Pellerin
Author-email: jpellerin+nose@gmail.com
License: GNU LGPL
Location: /home/chenwx/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requires:
It’s recommended to use an user install, using the --user flag to pip (note: do not use sudo pip, which can cause problems). This installs packages for your local user, and does not write to the system directories.
SciPy Organization
SciPy is organized into subpackages covering different scientific computing domains. These are summarized in the following table, refer to Scipy (development version) Reference Guide:
| Subpackage | Description |
|---|---|
| scipy.cluster | Clustering algorithms |
| scipy.constants | Physical and mathematical constants |
| scipy.fftpack | Fast Fourier Transform routines |
| scipy.integrate | Integration and ordinary differential equation solvers |
| scipy.interpolate | Interpolation and smoothing splines |
| scipy.io | Input and Output |
| scipy.linalg | Linear algebra |
| scipy.misc | Various utilities that don’t have another home. |
| scipy.ndimage | N-dimensional image processing |
| scipy.odr | Orthogonal distance regression |
| scipy.optimize | Optimization and root-finding routines |
| scipy.signal | Signal processing |
| scipy.sparse | Sparse matrices and associated routines |
| scipy.spatial | Spatial data structures and algorithms |
| scipy.special | Special functions |
| scipy.stats | Statistical distributions and functions |
SciPy sub-packages need to be imported separately, for example:
>>> from scipy import linalg, optimize
Because of their ubiquitousness, some of the functions in these subpackages are also made available in the scipy namespace to ease their use in interactive sessions and programs. In addition, many basic array functions from numpy are also available at the top-level of the scipy package. Before looking at the sub-packages individually, we will first look at some of these common functions.
Finding Documentation
SciPy and NumPy have documentation versions in both HTML and PDF format available at here, that cover nearly all available functionality. However, this documentation is still work-in-progress and some parts may be incomplete or sparse. As we are a volunteer organization and depend on the community for growth, your participation - everything from providing feedback to improving the documentation and code - is welcome and actively encouraged.
Python’s documentation strings are used in SciPy for on-line documentation. There are two methods for reading them and getting help. One is Python’s command help in the pydoc module. Entering this command with no arguments (i.e. >>> help) launches an interactive help session that allows searching through the keywords and modules available to all of Python. Secondly, running the command help(obj) with an object as the argument displays that object’s calling signature, and documentation string.
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17)
[GCC 8.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> help
Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help about object.
>>>
>>> from scipy import signal
>>>
>>> help()
Welcome to Python 3.6's help utility!
If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at https://docs.python.org/3.6/tutorial/.
Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type "quit".
To get a list of available modules, keywords, symbols, or topics, type
"modules", "keywords", "symbols", or "topics". Each module also comes
with a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose name
or summary contain a given string such as "spam", type "modules spam".
help>
help> scipy.signal
Help on package scipy.signal in scipy:
NAME
scipy.signal
DESCRIPTION
=======================================
Signal processing (:mod:`scipy.signal`)
=======================================
Convolution
===========
...
help> quit
You are now leaving help and returning to the Python interpreter.
If you want to ask for help on a particular object directly from the
interpreter, you can type "help(object)". Executing "help('string')"
has the same effect as typing a particular string at the help> prompt.
>>>
>>> help(signal)
Help on package scipy.signal in scipy:
NAME
scipy.signal
DESCRIPTION
=======================================
Signal processing (:mod:`scipy.signal`)
=======================================
Convolution
===========
...
The pydoc method of help is sophisticated but uses a pager to display the text. Sometimes this can interfere with the terminal you are running the interactive session within. A numpy/scipy-specific help system is also available under the command numpy.info. The signature and documentation string for the object passed to the help command are printed to standard output (or to a writeable object passed as the third argument). The second keyword argument of numpy.info defines the maximum width of the line for printing. If a module is passed as the argument to help then a list of the functions and classes defined in that module is printed. For example:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import matplotlib as mpl
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> from scipy import linalg, optimize
>>> np.info(optimize.fmin)
fmin(func, x0, args=(), xtol=0.0001, ftol=0.0001, maxiter=None, maxfun=None,
full_output=0, disp=1, retall=0, callback=None)
Minimize a function using the downhill simplex algorithm.
Parameters
----------
func : callable func(x,*args)
The objective function to be minimized.
x0 : ndarray
Initial guess.
args : tuple
Extra arguments passed to func, i.e. ``f(x,*args)``.
callback : callable
Called after each iteration, as callback(xk), where xk is the
current parameter vector.
Returns
-------
xopt : ndarray
Parameter that minimizes function.
fopt : float
Value of function at minimum: ``fopt = func(xopt)``.
iter : int
Number of iterations performed.
funcalls : int
Number of function calls made.
warnflag : int
1 : Maximum number of function evaluations made.
2 : Maximum number of iterations reached.
allvecs : list
Solution at each iteration.
Other parameters
----------------
xtol : float
Relative error in xopt acceptable for convergence.
ftol : number
Relative error in func(xopt) acceptable for convergence.
maxiter : int
Maximum number of iterations to perform.
maxfun : number
Maximum number of function evaluations to make.
full_output : bool
Set to True if fopt and warnflag outputs are desired.
disp : bool
Set to True to print convergence messages.
retall : bool
Set to True to return list of solutions at each iteration.
Notes
-----
Uses a Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm to find the minimum of function of
one or more variables.
Another useful command is dir, which can be used to look at the namespace of a module or package.
chenwx@chenwx:~ $ python3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17)
[GCC 8.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import scipy
>>> dir(scipy)
['ALLOW_THREADS', 'AxisError', 'BUFSIZE', 'CLIP', 'ComplexWarning', 'DataSource', 'ERR_CALL', 'ERR_DEFAULT', 'ERR_IGNORE', 'ERR_LOG', 'ERR_PRINT', 'ERR_RAISE', 'ERR_WARN', 'FLOATING_POINT_SUPPORT', 'FPE_DIVIDEBYZERO', 'FPE_INVALID', 'FPE_OVERFLOW', 'FPE_UNDERFLOW', 'False_', 'Inf', 'Infinity', 'LowLevelCallable', 'MAXDIMS', 'MAY_SHARE_BOUNDS', 'MAY_SHARE_EXACT', 'MachAr', 'ModuleDeprecationWarning', 'NAN', 'NINF', 'NZERO', 'NaN', 'PINF', 'PZERO', 'RAISE', 'RankWarning', 'SHIFT_DIVIDEBYZERO', 'SHIFT_INVALID', 'SHIFT_OVERFLOW', 'SHIFT_UNDERFLOW', 'ScalarType', 'TooHardError', 'True_', 'UFUNC_BUFSIZE_DEFAULT', 'UFUNC_PYVALS_NAME', 'VisibleDeprecationWarning', 'WRAP', '_UFUNC_API', '__SCIPY_SETUP__', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__config__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__numpy_version__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__', '__version__', '_add_newdoc_ufunc', '_arg', '_distributor_init', '_lib', 'absolute', 'absolute_import', 'add', 'add_docstring', 'add_newdoc', 'add_newdoc_ufunc', 'alen', 'all', 'allclose', 'alltrue', 'amax', 'amin', 'angle', 'any', 'append', 'apply_along_axis', 'apply_over_axes', 'arange', 'arccos', 'arccosh', 'arcsin', 'arcsinh', 'arctan', 'arctan2', 'arctanh', 'argmax', 'argmin', 'argpartition', 'argsort', 'argwhere', 'around', 'array', 'array2string', 'array_equal', 'array_equiv', 'array_repr', 'array_split', 'array_str', 'asanyarray', 'asarray', 'asarray_chkfinite', 'ascontiguousarray', 'asfarray', 'asfortranarray', 'asmatrix', 'asscalar', 'atleast_1d', 'atleast_2d', 'atleast_3d', 'average', 'bartlett', 'base_repr', 'binary_repr', 'bincount', 'bitwise_and', 'bitwise_not', 'bitwise_or', 'bitwise_xor', 'blackman', 'block', 'bmat', 'bool8', 'bool_', 'broadcast', 'broadcast_arrays', 'broadcast_to', 'busday_count', 'busday_offset', 'busdaycalendar', 'byte', 'byte_bounds', 'bytes0', 'bytes_', 'c_', 'can_cast', 'cast', 'cbrt', 'cdouble', 'ceil', 'cfloat', 'char', 'character', 'chararray', 'choose', 'clip', 'clongdouble', 'clongfloat', 'column_stack', 'common_type', 'compare_chararrays', 'complex128', 'complex256', 'complex64', 'complex_', 'complexfloating', 'compress', 'concatenate', 'conj', 'conjugate', 'convolve', 'copy', 'copysign', 'copyto', 'corrcoef', 'correlate', 'cos', 'cosh', 'count_nonzero', 'cov', 'cross', 'csingle', 'ctypeslib', 'cumprod', 'cumproduct', 'cumsum', 'datetime64', 'datetime_as_string', 'datetime_data', 'deg2rad', 'degrees', 'delete', 'deprecate', 'deprecate_with_doc', 'diag', 'diag_indices', 'diag_indices_from', 'diagflat', 'diagonal', 'diff', 'digitize', 'disp', 'divide', 'division', 'divmod', 'dot', 'double', 'dsplit', 'dstack', 'dtype', 'e', 'ediff1d', 'einsum', 'einsum_path', 'emath', 'empty', 'empty_like', 'equal', 'errstate', 'euler_gamma', 'exp', 'exp2', 'expand_dims', 'expm1', 'extract', 'eye', 'fabs', 'fastCopyAndTranspose', 'fft', 'fill_diagonal', 'find_common_type', 'finfo', 'fix', 'flatiter', 'flatnonzero', 'flexible', 'flip', 'fliplr', 'flipud', 'float128', 'float16', 'float32', 'float64', 'float_', 'float_power', 'floating', 'floor', 'floor_divide', 'fmax', 'fmin', 'fmod', 'format_float_positional', 'format_float_scientific', 'format_parser', 'frexp', 'frombuffer', 'fromfile', 'fromfunction', 'fromiter', 'frompyfunc', 'fromregex', 'fromstring', 'full', 'full_like', 'fv', 'gcd', 'generic', 'genfromtxt', 'geomspace', 'get_array_wrap', 'get_include', 'get_printoptions', 'getbufsize', 'geterr', 'geterrcall', 'geterrobj', 'gradient', 'greater', 'greater_equal', 'half', 'hamming', 'hanning', 'heaviside', 'histogram', 'histogram2d', 'histogram_bin_edges', 'histogramdd', 'hsplit', 'hstack', 'hypot', 'i0', 'identity', 'ifft', 'iinfo', 'imag', 'in1d', 'index_exp', 'indices', 'inexact', 'inf', 'info', 'infty', 'inner', 'insert', 'int0', 'int16', 'int32', 'int64', 'int8', 'int_', 'int_asbuffer', 'intc', 'integer', 'interp', 'intersect1d', 'intp', 'invert', 'ipmt', 'irr', 'is_busday', 'isclose', 'iscomplex', 'iscomplexobj', 'isfinite', 'isfortran', 'isin', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'isnat', 'isneginf', 'isposinf', 'isreal', 'isrealobj', 'isscalar', 'issctype', 'issubclass_', 'issubdtype', 'issubsctype', 'iterable', 'ix_', 'kaiser', 'kron', 'lcm', 'ldexp', 'left_shift', 'less', 'less_equal', 'lexsort', 'linspace', 'little_endian', 'load', 'loads', 'loadtxt', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2', 'logaddexp', 'logaddexp2', 'logical_and', 'logical_not', 'logical_or', 'logical_xor', 'logn', 'logspace', 'long', 'longcomplex', 'longdouble', 'longfloat', 'longlong', 'lookfor', 'ma', 'mafromtxt', 'mask_indices', 'mat', 'math', 'matmul', 'matrix', 'maximum', 'maximum_sctype', 'may_share_memory', 'mean', 'median', 'memmap', 'meshgrid', 'mgrid', 'min_scalar_type', 'minimum', 'mintypecode', 'mirr', 'mod', 'modf', 'moveaxis', 'msort', 'multiply', 'nan', 'nan_to_num', 'nanargmax', 'nanargmin', 'nancumprod', 'nancumsum', 'nanmax', 'nanmean', 'nanmedian', 'nanmin', 'nanpercentile', 'nanprod', 'nanquantile', 'nanstd', 'nansum', 'nanvar', 'nbytes', 'ndarray', 'ndenumerate', 'ndfromtxt', 'ndim', 'ndindex', 'nditer', 'negative', 'nested_iters', 'newaxis', 'nextafter', 'nonzero', 'not_equal', 'nper', 'npv', 'number', 'obj2sctype', 'object0', 'object_', 'ogrid', 'ones', 'ones_like', 'outer', 'packbits', 'pad', 'partition', 'percentile', 'pi', 'piecewise', 'place', 'pmt', 'poly', 'poly1d', 'polyadd', 'polyder', 'polydiv', 'polyfit', 'polyint', 'polymul', 'polysub', 'polyval', 'positive', 'power', 'ppmt', 'print_function', 'printoptions', 'prod', 'product', 'promote_types', 'ptp', 'put', 'put_along_axis', 'putmask', 'pv', 'quantile', 'r_', 'rad2deg', 'radians', 'rand', 'randn', 'random', 'rank', 'rate', 'ravel', 'ravel_multi_index', 'real', 'real_if_close', 'rec', 'recarray', 'recfromcsv', 'recfromtxt', 'reciprocal', 'record', 'remainder', 'repeat', 'require', 'reshape', 'resize', 'result_type', 'right_shift', 'rint', 'roll', 'rollaxis', 'roots', 'rot90', 'round_', 'row_stack', 's_', 'safe_eval', 'save', 'savetxt', 'savez', 'savez_compressed', 'sctype2char', 'sctypeDict', 'sctypeNA', 'sctypes', 'searchsorted', 'select', 'set_numeric_ops', 'set_printoptions', 'set_string_function', 'setbufsize', 'setdiff1d', 'seterr', 'seterrcall', 'seterrobj', 'setxor1d', 'shape', 'shares_memory', 'short', 'show_config', 'show_numpy_config', 'sign', 'signbit', 'signedinteger', 'sin', 'sinc', 'single', 'singlecomplex', 'sinh', 'size', 'sometrue', 'sort', 'sort_complex', 'source', 'spacing', 'split', 'sqrt', 'square', 'squeeze', 'stack', 'std', 'str0', 'str_', 'string_', 'subtract', 'sum', 'swapaxes', 'take', 'take_along_axis', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tensordot', 'test', 'tile', 'timedelta64', 'trace', 'tracemalloc_domain', 'transpose', 'trapz', 'tri', 'tril', 'tril_indices', 'tril_indices_from', 'trim_zeros', 'triu', 'triu_indices', 'triu_indices_from', 'true_divide', 'trunc', 'typeDict', 'typeNA', 'typecodes', 'typename', 'ubyte', 'ufunc', 'uint', 'uint0', 'uint16', 'uint32', 'uint64', 'uint8', 'uintc', 'uintp', 'ulonglong', 'unicode', 'unicode_', 'union1d', 'unique', 'unpackbits', 'unravel_index', 'unsignedinteger', 'unwrap', 'ushort', 'vander', 'var', 'vdot', 'vectorize', 'version', 'void', 'void0', 'vsplit', 'vstack', 'where', 'who', 'zeros', 'zeros_like']
Signal Processing via SciPy
- Python Scientific Lecture Notes
- Fourier Transforms (scipy.fftpack)
- Signal Processing (scipy.signal)
- Signal Processing via SciPy
For brevity and convenience, we will often assume that the main packages (numpy, scipy, and matplotlib) have been imported as:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
R
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis. Polls, data mining surveys, and studies of scholarly literature databases show substantial increases in popularity in recent years. As of May 2019, R ranks 21st in the TIOBE index, a measure of popularity of programming languages.
A GNU package, source code for the R software environment is written primarily in C, Fortran and R itself, and is freely available under the GNU General Public License. Pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems. Although R has a command line interface, there are several graphical user interfaces, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment.
Mathematica
Wolfram Mathematica is a modern technical computing system spanning most areas of technical computing - including neural networks, machine learning, image processing, geometry, data science, visualizations, and others. The system is used in many technical, scientific, engineering, mathematical, and computing fields. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois. The Wolfram Language is the programming language used in Mathematica.[9]
FreeMat
FreeMat is a free environment for rapid engineering and scientific prototyping and data processing. It is similar to commercial systems such as MATLAB from Mathworks, and IDL from Research Systems, but is Open Source. FreeMat is available under the GPL license.
GNU Octave
GNU Octave is a high-level language primarily intended for numerical computations. It is typically used for such problems as solving linear and nonlinear equations, numerical linear algebra, statistical analysis, and for performing other numerical experiments. It may also be used as a batch-oriented language for automated data processing.
The current version of Octave executes in a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI hosts an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which includes a code editor with syntax highlighting, built-in debugger, documentation browser, as well as the interpreter for the language itself. A command-line interface (CLI) for Octave is also available.
GNU Octave is freely redistributable software. You may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation. The GPL is included in this manual, see Copying.
This manual provides comprehensive documentation on how to install, run, use, and extend GNU Octave. Additional chapters describe how to report bugs and help contribute code.
Gnuplot
Gnuplot is a portable command-line driven graphing utility for Linux, OS/2, MS Windows, OSX, VMS, and many other platforms. The source code is copyrighted but freely distributed (i.e., you don’t have to pay for it). It was originally created to allow scientists and students to visualize mathematical functions and data interactively, but has grown to support many non-interactive uses such as web scripting. It is also used as a plotting engine by third-party applications like Octave. Gnuplot has been supported and under active development since 1986.
Gmsh
Gmsh is a free 3D finite element mesh generator with a built-in CAD engine and post-processor. Its design goal is to provide a fast, light and user-friendly meshing tool with parametric input and advanced visualization capabilities. Gmsh is built around four modules: geometry, mesh, solver and post-processing. The specification of any input to these modules is done either interactively using the graphical user interface, in ASCII text files using Gmsh’s own scripting language (.geo files), or using the C++, C, Python or Julia API.
Rebol
Rebol is a lightweight programming language. Rebol’s unique design makes it more productive than other language technologies. The leverage comes from Rebol’s unique blend of domain specific sub-languages called dialects.
References
- MATLAB
- Scilab
- SciPy
- R
- Mathematica
- FreeMat
- GNU Octave
- Gnuplot
- Gmsh
- List of numerical-analysis software
- Comparison of numerical-analysis software
- Comparison of statistical packages