Telecom: ITU Recommendations
This article introduce the ITU Recommendations related to Telecommunication.
Pre-IMT-2000 (2G)
Recommendation ITU-R M.1073: Digital Cellular Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems
| ITU-R Name | Common Name | Organization | Reference | Technology |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSM | GSM | ETSI (1992-2000) 3GPP (2000-present) |
TS 102 338 | TDMA |
| TIA/EIA/IS-95 CDMA | cdmaOne | TIA/EIA | TIA-2000.000 | CDMA |
| TIA/EIA-136 TDMA | D-AMPS (Digital AMPS) | TIA/EIA | TIA-136-000 | TDMA |
| PDC | PDC | ARIB | RCR STD-27 | TDMA |
IMT-2000 (3G)
The following table shows the ITU-R Recommendations related to IMT-2000:
| Recommends | Title |
|---|---|
| ITU-R M.687 | International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.816 | Framework for services supported on International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.817 | International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) Network architectures |
| ITU-R M.819 | International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) for developing countries |
| ITU-R M.1034 | Requirements for the radio interface(s) for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.1035 | Framework for the radio interface(s) and radio subsystem functionality for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.1036 | Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT 2000) in the bands 806-960 MHz, 1 710-2 025 MHz, 2 110-2 200 MHz and 2 500-2 690 MHz |
| ITU-R M.1078 | Security principles for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.1079 | Performance and quality of service requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) access networks |
| ITU-R M.1168 | Framework of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.1182 | Integration of terrestrial and satellite mobile communication systems |
| ITU-R M.1223 | Evaluation of security mechanisms for IMT-2000 |
| ITU-R M.1224 | Vocabulary of terms for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.1225 | Guidelines for evaluation of radio transmission technologies for IMT-2000 |
| ITU-R M.1311 | Framework for modularity and radio commonality within IMT-2000 |
| ITU-R M.1390 | Methodology for the calculation of IMT-2000 terrestrial spectrum requirements |
| ITU-R M.1456 | Minimum performance characteristics and operational conditions for high altitude platform stations providing IMT-2000 in the bands 1885-1980 MHz, 2010-2025 MHz and 2110-2170 MHz in Regions 1 and 3 and 1885-1980 MHz and 2110-2160 MHz in Region 2 |
| ITU-R M.1457 | Detailed specifications of the radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) |
| ITU-R M.1545 | Measurement uncertainty as it applies to test limits for the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 |
| ITU-R M.1579 | Global circulation of IMT-2000 terminals |
| ITU-R M.1580 | Generic unwanted emission characteristics of base stations using the terrestrial radio interfaces of IMT 2000 |
| ITU-R M.1581 | Generic unwanted emission characteristics of mobile stations using the terrestrial radio interfaces of IMT-2000 |
| ITU-R M.1635 | General methodology for assessing the potential for interference between IMT-2000 or systems beyond IMT-2000 and other services |
| ITU-R M.1641 | A methodology for co-channel interference evaluation to determine separation distance from a system using high-altitude platform stations to a cellular system to provide IMT-2000 service |
| ITU-R M.1645 | Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 |
| ITU-R M.1646 | Parameters to be used in co-frequency sharing and pfd threshold studies between terrestrial IMT-2000 and BSS (sound) in the 2 630-2 655 MHz band |
| ITU-R M.1654 | A methodology to assess interference from broadcasting-satellite service (sound) into terrestrial IMT-2000 systems intending to use the band 2 630-2 655 MHz |
| ITU-R M.1768 | Methodology for calculation of spectrum requirements for the future development of the terrestrial component of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 |
| ITU-R M.1822 | Framework for services supported by IMT |
| ITU-R M.2012 | Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced) |
IMT-2000 Goal
As said in About Mobile Technology and IMT-2000:
IMT-2000 offers the capability of providing value-added services and applications on the basis of a single standard. The system envisages a platform for distributing converged fixed, mobile, voice, data, Internet and multimedia services. One of its key visions is to provide seamless global roaming, enabling users to move across borders while using the same number and handset. IMT-2000 also aims to provide seamless delivery of services, over a number of media (satellite, fixed, etc…). It is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum speed of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 348 kbit/s in a moving vehicle. Second-generation systems only provide speeds ranging from 9.6 kbit/s to 28.8 kbit/s.
The following figure shows the Core Network and Access Network:
IMT-2000 Radio Interfaces
The IMT-2000 consists of both terrestrial component and satellite component radio interfaces:
IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces
Recommendation ITU-R M.1457: Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)
| ITU-R Name | Common Name | Organization |
|---|---|---|
| IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread | UTRA FDD W-CDMA UMTS-FDD |
3GPP |
| IMT-2000 CDMA TDD | UTRA TDD, which has three variations: 1) UTRA TDD 1.28 Mcps Low Chip Rate (LCR) (TD-SCDMA) 2) UTRA TDD 3.84 Mcps High Chip Rate (HCR) (TD-CDMA) 3) UTRA TDD 7.68 Mcps UMTS-TDD |
3GPP |
| IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier | Two variations: 1) Radio interface used with TIA/EIA-41 Circuit Switched Network Component (UWC-136) 2) Radio interface used with GSM evolved UMTS Circuit Switched Network Component (EDGE) |
TIA/EIA-136 3GPP TSG GERAN ATIS WTSC |
| IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier | CDMA2000 1x and 3x CDMA2000 1xEV-DO CDMA2000 1xEV-DV |
3GPP2 |
| IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA | DECT | ETSI |
| IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN | BWA | IEEE 802.16 |
IMT-2000 Satellite Radio Interfaces
Recommendation ITU-R M.1850: Detailed specifications of the radio interfaces for the satellite component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000)
| ITU-R Name | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Satellite radio interface A specifications | Satellite wideband code Division multiple access (SW-CDMA) |
| Satellite radio interface B specifications | Wideband code/Time division multiple access (W-C/TDMA) |
| Satellite radio interface C specifications | SAT-CDMA |
| Satellite radio interface D specifications | SRI-D |
| Satellite radio interface E specifications | SRI-E |
| Satellite radio interface F specifications | Satcom2000 satellite radio interface F |
| Satellite radio interface G specifications | Based on the IMT-2000 CDMA DS radio interface |
| Satellite radio interface H specifications | SRI-H |
IMT-2000 Core Network
ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 Question 18/2: Guidelines on the smooth transition of existing mobile networks to IMT-2000 for developing countries (GST)
| ITU-R Name | ITU-T Recommendation | IMT-2000 Radio Technologies supported by the Core Network |
|---|---|---|
| GSM evolved UMTS core network | Q.1741.1 (3GPP R99) Q.1741.2 (3GPP R4) Q.1741.3 (3GPP R5) Q.1741.4 (3GPP R6) Q.1741.5 (3GPP R7) Q.1741.6 (3GPP R8) … |
IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread IMT-2000 CDMA TDD IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier |
| ANSI-41 (aka IS-41) evolved Core Network with cdma2000 Access Network | Q.1742.1 (3GPP2 specifications - 2001-07-17) Q.1742.2 (3GPP2 specifications - 2002-07-11) Q.1742.3 (3GPP2 specifications - 2003-06-30) Q.1742.4 (3GPP2 specifications - 2004-06-30) Q.1742.5 (3GPP2 specifications - 2005-12-31) Q.1742.6 (3GPP2 specifications - 2006-21-31) Q.1742.7 (3GPP2 specifications - 2008-06-30) Q.1742.8 (3GPP2 specifications - 2010-01-31) … |
IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier |
IMT-Advanced (4G)
Recommendation ITU-R M.1645: Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000
Recommendation ITU-R M.2012: Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced)
| ITU-R Name | Common Name | Standardization |
|---|---|---|
| LTE-Advanced | LTE-Advanced based on FDD TD-LTE-Advanced |
3GPP |
| WirelessMAN-Advanced | 802.16m BWA |
IEEE 802.16 |
IMT-2020 (5G)
Timeline of TMT-2020
According to ITU towards “IMT for 2020 and beyond”:
The buzz in the industry on future steps in mobile technology — 5G — has seen a sharp increase, with attention now focused on enabling a seamlessly connected society in the 2020 timeframe and beyond that brings together people along with things, data, applications, transport systems and cities in a smart networked communications environment. In this context, ITU and its partners, sharing a common community of interest, have recognized the relationship between IMT — International Mobile Telecommunication system — and 5G and are working towards realizing the future vision of mobile broadband communications.
In early 2012, ITU-R embarked on a programme to develop “IMT for 2020 and beyond”, setting the stage for 5G research activities that are emerging around the world.
Through the leading role of Working Party 5D, ITU’s Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) has finalized its view of a timeline towards IMT-2020. The detailed investigation of the key elements of 5G are already well underway, once again utilizing the highly successful partnership ITU-R has with the mobile broadband industry and the wide range of stakeholders in the 5G community.
In September 2015, ITU-R has finalized its “Vision” of the 5G mobile broadband connected society. This view of the horizon for the future of mobile technology will be instrumental in setting the agenda for the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019, where deliberations on additional spectrum are taking place in support of the future growth of IMT.
ITU has a rich history in the development of radio interface standards for mobile communications. The framework of standards for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), encompassing IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced, spans the 3G and 4G industry perspectives and will continue to evolve as 5G with IMT-2020.
Refer to the following documents for more details:
- Workplan, timeline, process and deliverables for the future development of IMT
- ITU-R Working Party 5D Planned Meeting Schedule for Years 2016-2020
5G Usage Scenarios
The following figure shows three 5G usage scenarios defined by ITU-R:
- eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand)
- mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications)
- uRLLC (ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications)
Refer to the following documents for details:
- Emerging Trends in 5G-IMT2020
- Overview of ITU-T Activities on 5G/IMT-2020
- Future Use of Millimetre Waves in 5G
ITU Recommendations
According to ITU towards IMT for 2020 and beyond, Working Party 5D is engaged in a wide range of activities for IMT. These activities include new information and deliverables to guide the continuing evolution of terrestrial IMT. At a high level the work is organized in these broad categories:
Vision & Technology Trends
| Recommends | Title |
|---|---|
| ITU-R M.2320 | Future technology trends of terrestrial IMT systems (November 2014) |
| ITU-R M.2083 | Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond (September 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2376 | Technical feasibility of IMT in bands above 6 GHz (July 2015) |
Market, Traffic and Future Spectrum Requirements
| Recommends | Title |
|---|---|
| ITU-R M.1768-1 | Methodology for calculation of spectrum requirements for the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications (April 2013) |
| ITU-R M.2243 | Assessment of the global mobile broadband deployments and forecasts for International Mobile Telecommunications (March 2011) |
| ITU-R M.2289 | Future radio aspect parameters for use with the terrestrial IMT spectrum estimate methodology of Recommendation ITU-R M.1768-1 (March 2014) |
| ITU-R M.2290 | Future spectrum requirements estimate for terrestrial IMT (February 2014) |
| ITU-R M.2370 | IMT Traffic estimates for the years 2020 to 2030 (July 2015) |
| WP 5D Liaison Statement | Spectrum needs for the terrestrial component of IMT in the frequency range between 24.25 GHz and 86 GHz |
Frequency Brand Channeling arrangements & Spectrum Sharing and Compatability
| Recommends | Title |
|---|---|
| ITU-R M.1036-5 | Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in the bands identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations (RR) (October 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2292 | Characteristics of terrestrial IMT-Advanced systems for frequency sharing/interference analyses (March 2014) |
| ITU-R M.2039-3 | Characteristics of terrestrial IMT-2000 systems for frequency sharing/interference analyses (March 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2374 | Coexistence of two TDD networks in the 2300-2400 MHz band (July 2015) |
IMT Specifications and Other Technology Related Work
| Recommends | Title |
|---|---|
| ITU-R M.1457-13 | Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) (March 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2012-2 | Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) (September 2015) |
| ITU-R M.1579-2 | Global circulation of IMT-2000 terrestrial terminals (March 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2070-1 | Generic unwanted emission characteristics of base stations using the terrestrial radio interfaces of IMT-Advanced (February 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2071-1 | Generic unwanted emission characteristics of mobile stations using the terrestrial radio interfaces of IMT-Advanced (January 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2334-0 | Passive and active antenna systems for base stations of IMT systems (March 2015) |
| ITU-R M.2375-0 | Architecture and topology of IMT networks (July 2015) |
Support for IMT Applications & Deployments
| Recommends | Title |
|---|---|
| ITU-R M.2291-1 | The use of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) for broadband public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) applications (March 2014) |
| ITU-R Handbook | ITU-R Handbook on “Global trends in IMT” (May 2015) |
Workshops & Seminars
| Title |
|---|
| Regional Workshops – “IMT for the Next Decade” (2011) |
| WP5A-WP5B-WP5C workshop on the preparations for WRC-15 (May 2012) |
| Working Party 5D Workshop - Research Views on IMT Technology Evolution (July 2012) |
| ITU Telecom World – IMT Vision Panel (November 2013) |
| ITU Seminar on IMT Towards 2020 and Beyond (in conjunction with ITU-D) (February 2014) |
| Working Party 5D Workshop - Research views on IMT beyond 2020 (February 2014) |
References
- ITU Official Site
- ITU towards “IMT for 2020 and beyond”
- IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group
- The 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership
- 4G Americas
- 5G Americas
- The Fifth Generation Mobile Communications Promotion Forum (5GMF)
- Massive MIMO